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Simulation & Gaming
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Video Game Effects—Confirmed, Suspected, and Speculative

A Review of the Evidence

Christopher P. Barlett

Iowa State University, USA, cpb6666{at}iastate.edu

Craig A. Anderson

Iowa State University, USA, caa{at}iastate.edu

Edward L. Swing

Iowa State University, USA, eswing{at}iastate.edu

This literature review focuses on the confirmed, suspected, and speculative effects of violent and non-violent video game exposure on negative and positive outcomes. Negative outcomes include aggressive feelings, aggressive thoughts, aggressive behavior, physiological arousal, and desensitization, whereas positive outcomes include various types of learning. Multiple theories predict, and empirical findings reveal, that violent video game exposure is causally related to a host of negative outcomes and a few positive outcomes. Some non-violent video games have been causally related to some specific positive learning effects as well as certain types of visual cognition (e.g., spatial rotation abilities) and may be associated with some negative effects on executive control and attention disorders.

Key Words: aggression • computer games • desensitization • General Aggression Model • General Learning Model • learning • negative effects • positive effects • prosocial effects • video games • violence • visual cognition

This version was published on June 1, 2009

Simulation & Gaming, Vol. 40, No. 3, 377-403 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1046878108327539
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